ENS - Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de Graduação
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://ri.uea.edu.br/handle/riuea/3365
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Susceptibilidade e sobrevivência de rhodinus robustus e triatoma maculata à infecção pelo trypanosoma cruzi após xenodiagnóstico de pacientes com doença de Chagas(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2022-06-17) Luna, Ingrid Costa; Guerra, Maria das Graças Vale BarbosaTriatomines are hematophagous, hemimetabolous insects that live in colonies. predominantly in wild environments. The availability of their food source favors their life cycle, a habit that places them in the biological cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease. They are important vectors for public health because present species considered vectors in the transmission of the etiological agent. Objective: To describe the fitness of Rh. robustus and T. maculata used in the xenodiagnosis (XD) of patients with CD. patients with CD and to investigate their susceptibility to T. cruzi infection. Materials Methods: 360 third-stage nymphs were observed for 90 days after being used in the period of 30 minutes in the xenodiagnosis of 18 patients with suspected acute Chagas disease (ACD). Disease (ACD). Two groups of triatomines containing 180 stage III nymphs of Rh. robustus and 180 T. maculata were separated. In group G1, 108 nymphs were used to evaluate the fitness between the species used in the XD. The variables observed were amount of blood ingested; defecation lapse; time between moulting, and mortality rate. In group G2 108 nymphs were submitted for evaluation of susceptibility to T. cruzi, estimating the rate of infection through abdominal compression by abdominal compression and visualization of flagellated forms under an optical microscope. The nymphs were weighed before and after feeding, and the development time was calculated using the Student's were calculated using Student's t-test and positivity for T. cruzi using Fisher's exact test. cruzi with Fisher's exact test, which shows a significant value with p < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. 95% confidence interval. Results: There was a difference between the averages of blood ingested by the two species. two species. Rh. robustus (0.116 0.095) and T. maculata (0.101 0.052) (p > 0.563). defection of Rh. robustus occurred simultaneously after feeding, while in T. maculata, it was after 10-15 days after feeding. maculata, it was after 10-15 minutes, with a difference in the amount of feces and urine between the two species. species. The time between stage change was similar in both groups, Rh. robustus showed a stage change of 12-14 days and T. maculata 16-21 days. The mortality rate in G1 ranged from 33.3% at 7 days to 100% at 90 days of observation for both species. In G2, T. cruzi infection was detected in both species at 7 days after feeding. In T. maculata - 7d(50%), 30d(33.3%), 60d(23.5%) and 90d(16.7%) while in R. robustus at 7d(33.3%), 30d(17.6%), 60d(5.6%) and 90d(27.8%). T. maculata was more susceptible 29/126 (23.01%) compared to Rh. robustus 23/126 (18.25%). Conclusion: Rh. robustus ingested greater amount of blood, with immediate defecation, with a faster stage change interval both species showed susceptibility to T. cruzi with a small difference in infection rate. difference in infection rate. T. maculata showed later emergence and a slower defecation lapse, however defecation, however, it can be used for xenodiagnosis due to its higher susceptibility rate. be used in xenodiagnosis. Keywords: Triatomines, hematophagy, T. cruzi infection.Item Perfil de resistência e sensibilidade de cepas comerciais bacterianas e fúngicas utilizadas em ensaios laboratoriais de atividade antimicrobiana(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2023-03-03) Barreto, Victória Carolina Siqueira Mena; Albuquerque, Patrícia Melchionna; Gurgel, Raiana Silveira; Procópio, Rudi Emerson de Lima; Andrade, Cleudiane Pereira deMicroorganisms are microscopic beings and therefore cannot be seen with the naked eye. Bacteria, fungi, viruses, microscopic algae, and protozoa play a fundamental role in the life of the planet, since they act in the cycling of nutrients in the atmosphere, besides producing organic compounds of biotechnological importance. However, many microorganisms act as human and animal pathogens causing damage to the health of the population and economic losses. Thus, antimicrobial compounds have been used to combat diseases caused by these pathogens, but each microbial species responds differently to these substances, and increasingly resistant strains to currently available drugs have been observed. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the resistance and sensitivity profile of commercial bacterial and fungal strains used in laboratory tests in the presence of commercially purchased antimicrobial substances. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungal metabolites isolated from Amazonian plants was evaluated against the strains that were resistant to commercially antimicrobials. Agar diffusion methodology was used to check the resistance and sensitivity profile of commercial bacterial and fungal strains against different commercial antimicrobials. Endophytic fungi deposited at the Microbiological Collection Center of UEA were cultivated in a liquid medium for metabolite production. After mycelium separation, the liquid medium was extracted with ethyl acetate. The fungal extracts were used in antimicrobial activity assays against the standard strains that proved to be resistant to at least three of the commercial antimicrobials. Ii was possible to observe that three pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis) showed to be resistant against commercial drugs. The other microorganisms The tests with the extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Amazonian plants Aspergillus niger MgF2, Phyllosticta fallopiae Ag2-5, Fusarium continuum Ag4-5B, Alternaria sp. C26, Aspergillus niger MgRE231, and Piper hispidum Ph174 did not show activity to inhibit the growth of the commercial-resistant strains. In our study, it was possible to know the resistance and sensitivity profile of the standard strains used in antimicrobial activity tests against commercial antimicrobials. Keywords: microbial resistance, antimicrobials, microorganisms.Item Reflexões sobre o cotidiano de professores de ciências biológicas da rede básica durante a pandemia de covid-19 em Manaus-AM(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2023-03-03) Santos, Vanessa Sabino dos; Battaini, Vivian; Ferreira, Rosilene Gomes Silva; Cabral, Hileia Monteiro MacielThe outbreak of the new coronavirus, which causes the disease called COVID-19, has resulted in several changes, affecting various areas of society, be it economic, social and even educational. In this context, the interest in getting to know better the realities experienced by Science and Biology teachers from Manaus motivated the development of a Documentary entitled “The daily life of Manaus teachers in the pandemic: portraits that are not very poetic”. Thus, the present work has the general objective of reflecting on the daily life of Biological Sciences teachers durig the pandemic in Manaus-AM. In the specific objectives, we sought to: (i) Identify the main difficulties and potentials of Manaus teachers with the use of digital technologies in teaching; (ii) Know the impacts on mental health experienced by Manaus teachers in the pandemic; and (III) Analyze the main potentialities and challenges of teaching Science and Biology during the pandemic. This research presents a qualitative approach and the type of methodology selected was the case study. Data were obtained through a documentary and Bardin's content analysis was used to perform the data analysis. The results found reveal that remote teaching caused impacts in different sectors of the interviewees' lives. Among the experiences narrated by the teachers, it was possible to identify difficulties in using digital technologies, lack of technological resources on the part of students, implications for the mental health of teachers and the importance of teaching Science and Biology in the times of fake news. Keywords: COVID-19, remote teaching, Biological Sciences teachers.Item Estratégias didáticas para utilização sustentável da água em escola estadual de ensino fundamental em Manaus - AM(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2023-03-03) Vale, Valdinelza Maia; Liberato, Maria Astrid Rocha; Melo, Maria Glória Gonçalves; Ferreira, Francisca da SilvaThis work had as its theme the use of differentiated didactic strategies for teaching the sustainable use of water, since the use of water resources has increased exponentially, and on the other hand, care for the planet's drinking water has been less and less. One of the aspects used to collaborate with changing the habits of future generations is environmental education, since elementary school students are in a transition stage, where they will acquire new responsibilities and a better understanding of society. Based on these data, three sequential didactics were developed with different didactic strategies for 9th grade students at a school in Manaus-AM. Six 9th grade classes participated in this research, totaling 183 students and were divided into two groups. One group contemplated three classes that were observed to the expositive didactic sequences with differentiated didactic strategies and while the other group with three classes were carried out only to the expository didactic sequences without the didactic strategies. It aimed to make a comparison between the classes submitted or not to the didactic sequences with differentiated didactic strategies and regarding the acceptance of the classes exposed to the differentiated didactic strategies. It is observed in the results the best performance, interest and post-class acceptance in the classes kept to games and experiments inserted in the classes, demonstrating the efficiency of the didactic resources used. Keywords: Experiments, Games, Science teaching.Item O conhecimento ambiental de alunos do ensino fundamental em uma escola da rede estadual da cidade de Manaus(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2023-03-03) Luiz, Taiana Rozas Melgueiro; Ferreira, Rosilene Gomes da Silva; Neves, Kiandro Gomes de Oliveira; Dutra, Leandro Barreto; Jesus, Edilza Laray deEnvironmental Education in school spaces plays an extremely important role in contemporary times to raise awareness of subjects in favor of the Environment, given that environmental problems are intensified with the dominant development model of Western societies that seek the conquest and domination of nature and of the world. With that, this knowledge and expertise bring potential to schools for the development of attitudes and values committed to the environment, aiming at environmental awareness. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the environmental knowledge of students in the 6th year of elementary school in a public school in the city of Manaus. The research was characterized as a qualitative investigation using a case study methodology. Data collection took place through the application of a previous diagnostic questionnaire and a didactic sequence in order to assess the students' environmental knowledge. Regarding the results of the questionnaire, 91% of the students indicated a medium level of interest in discussing environmental problems. 68% highlighted the individual as the one who has responsibility for the environment. When it comes to student involvement in environmental projects at school, 56% said they had participated in Science and Geography subjects. As for the environmental themes worked on by the teacher in the classroom and their relationship with their daily lives, 68% confirmed the occurrence. When it comes to the environmental issues that most interest students in the classroom, 17% pointed to garbage as a focus. As for day-to-day attitudes and behavior towards the environment, 23% said they used water without waste. The results were organized according to the trends that classify the conception of the environment: naturalistic, pragmatic and critical. The students' environmental knowledge was investigated regarding the production and manipulation of videos. The research concluded that the mobilization of students' environmental knowledge in the school environment can enrich Science Teaching. Keywords: Environmental knowledge. Formal Environmental Education. Environment in the School ContextItem Análise temporal do padrão de atividades de um grupo de ateles belzebuth (primates: atelidae) no zoológico CIGS, Manaus-AM(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2023-03-03) Santos, Lorena Sarmento dos; Souza, Luciane Lopes de; Azevedo, Carolina Virgínia Macêdo de; Rocha, Marcelo Salles; Gordo, MarceloThe primates behavioural research in captivity is fundamental to comprehension of the wildlife dynamics, welfare keeping in captivity and management and conservation of species. Aiming at this, this research had the objective to analyse the behavioural pattern of primates in captivity of the specie Ateles belzebuth, with emphasis in the activity pattern through time by seasonal observations in distinct hours of the day. Three adult subjects, 1 male and 2 females, of a group that lived in captivity in Zoo CIGS were studied, each individual had 10 days of observation by season – wet and dry of 2022. The behaviours were recorded through the focal animal continuum method between 08:00 to 11:00 and 13:30 to 16:30. To statistical analyses the test Wilcoxon was used, with the level of significance set at lower than 0,05. Observations were made on a total of 360 hours and the results reveal that in different hours of the day, part of the behaviours showed significant differences so as foraging (Wet: W=259, p<0,05; Dry: W=2027, p<0,05) and feeding (Wet: W=1934, p<0,05; Dry: W=1881, p<0,05) with the largest duration during the morning during both seasons, while locomotion (Wet: W= 996, p<0,05; Dry: W= 1339, p<0,05) and stereotypes (Wet: W=487, p>0,05; Dry: W=223, p<0,05) showed largest durations by the afternoon or both. In the seasonality, social (Morning: W=1253, p>0,05; Afternoon: W=1986, p<0,05) and foragin (Morning: W=2203, p>0,05; Afternoon: W=1823, p <0,05) presents largest duration on wet season, while stereotypes (Morning: W=415, p>0,05; Afternoon: W=151, p<0,05) show largest duration on dry season during the afternoon. From the results, it is suggested that the behaviour of the A. belzebuth shows variations through the hours of the day and seasonality, what can contribute to comprehension of the management of the specie in captivity, and with knowledge about the basics behaviour of this important amazon primate. Keywords: cronobiology; amazon primates; behavioral rhythms; daily rhythms; seasonality.Item Ocorrência e distribuição geográfica de ervas-de-passarinho na Amazônia(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2019-11-20) Silva, Marcilene da Silva e; Forsberg, Maria Clara da Silva; Mesquita, Mariana RabelloAmazonian plant diversity is characterized by multiple intraspecific and interspecific resource interactions. In the condition of hemiparasites, plant species remove only the raw sap from the hosts, such as the " mistletoe". The objective of this study was to characterize the occurrence and spatial distribution of plant parasite relationships between mistletoe and their hosts in the Amazon. Data for characterization and distribution of species were obtained from the Herbarium of the National Institute of Amazonian Research. Georeferencing was inferred using the Google Maps tool and Google Earth and generated species distribution maps for the Amazon biome with the Qgiz Program. A total of 1554 mistletoe individuals were recorded in two families, Loranthaceae (1180) and Santalaceae (362), distributed in 96 species. The most common species was Passovia rufa (Mart.) Tiegh. (145 records). For host trees, 358 records were identified, distributed in 60 families, 40 genera and 41 species. The host family Fabaceae had 48 records (14 genera and 06 species) of mistletoe infestation. The host plant Curatella americana L. presented Phoradendron piperoides (Kunth) Trel infestations. - (05 of 10 records). The largest spatial distribution of mistletoe species occurred by Phoradendron crassifolium (Pohl ex DC.) Eichler distributed among Brazil, Guyana, Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela and French Guiana. It was concluded that mistletoe are widely distributed in the Amazon, the Loranthaceae family is more diverse and abundant of these hemiparasites in the biome. Faça as correctoes para refletir a revisão do resumo Keywords: Hemiparasites; Loranthaceae; Santalaceae.Item Práticas metodológicas para colonização de haemagogus janthinomys dyar, 1921 (Diptera: culicidae)(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2023-03-01) Albuquerque, Júlia Melissa da Rocha; Mourão, Maria Paula Gomes; Chaves, Bárbara AparecidaMosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are notable insects of public health importance in the Americas, partly due to their transmission of medically important arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Some Culicidae of the genus Haemagogus are vectors of sylvatic yellow fever in Brazil. For this reason, studies to improve laboratory rearing and mating techniques are of great importance for certain species as Haemagogus janthinomys and Haemagogus leucocelaenus due the lack of knowledge about vector competence. The present work aims to develop and test several techniques that improve upon existing methods for rearing Haemagogus janthinomys. Adult female mosquitoes were collected at a treefall at the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve in north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil(2.9633° S, 59.9228° W), between august 2021 and march 2022 using an entomological net and mouth aspirator. Mosquitoes were placed in a cage and provided with water until transferred to an insectary at the Entomology Center of Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado to begin rearing activities. These included, blood feeding, oviposition and hatching. The results indicate that 42%, 51% and 7% of females fed, did not feed and died during the feeding process, respectively; the viability and eclosion of 82.8% and 17.5 % of the deposited eggs and development until the adult stage, respectively. The results of oviposition analysis and influence of submersion media did not influence significant statistics, while the survival analysis indicated that females survived longer in control tubes. Key words: mosquitos; Haemagogus; colonização; febre amarela silvestre.Item Investigação de variantes no gene Brca1 em pacientes com suspeita de câncer de mama hereditário atendidos em Manaus AM(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2023-03-02) Silva, Iago Lucas Viana da; Rezende, Cleiton Fantin; Brito, Diana Vieira; Batista, Ieda Hortêncio; Higa, André MiasatoCancer is a genetic disease that involves multiple factors that lead to its formation. considered one of the main diseases of today. The type of cancer that most affects the female population is breast cancer (BC), which, in addition to having a high mortality rate, is also able to It is also capable of generating physical and psychological sequels which are difficult to recover from. One of the risk factors for this type of cancer is family history, which increases the chances of chances of involvement at early ages, being strongly related to the occurrence of mutations in predisposition genes. The BRCA1 gene is the main responsible for cases of hereditary hereditary breast cancer. The identification of mutations in this gene can provide epidemiological data epidemiological data on the profile of hereditary breast cancer cases in a region. In the Region, however, there is still no significant information on this topic. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the variants present in five regions of the BRCA1 gene in individuals with suspected hereditary breast cancer. A total of 48 participants were selected for this study. Genomic DNA extraction was performed, followed by After PCR, the samples were purified with PEG 8000. The sequencing reaction was carried out with the BigDye Kit and the reading of the sequences was performed in the ABI 3130XL sequencer. The sequences obtained were read in the BioEdit program. No mutations were identified in the studied regions. It is suggested that further studies should be complete sequencing of the BRCA1 gene, as well as studies involving other genes involved in breast cancer predisposition. Keywords: genetic diseases, SNVs, tumor suppressor gene, heredity.Item Análise da microbiota cutânea fúngica de primatas cativos no zoológico CIGS, Manaus, Amazonas(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2023-03-03) Batista, Heron Abraão de Queiroz; Souza, Luciane Lopes de; Barbosa, Larissa Kirsch; Gordo, Marcelo; Rocha, Marcelo Salles; Uguen, KatellThis study aimed to analyze the skin microbiota of primates kept in captivity at the Center for Jungle Warfare Instruction (CIGS) zoo, located in the city of Manaus, in order to identify and describe the types of fungi that compose the microbiota of the coat and ear canal of primates, and to associate the presence of these fungi with animal welfare. The collection was performed in April, August, and November 2022, using Swabs for collection in the ear canal and carpets for regions of the head, thorax, forelimbs, and hind limbs primates of the zoo. The animals were restrained without the use of sedatives, according to the zoo's own protocol. Samples were obtained from six primates, being two nail monkeys (Sapajus sp.), two snout monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and two white marmosets (Mico chrysoleucus). The collected material was sent for isolation on Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Agar medium supplemented with olive oil; and Mycosel Agar, incubated at 37° and 25° C to isolate filamentous and yeeduriform fungi in the laboratory of the Masters in Biotechnology and Natural Resources of the Amazonas State University (School of Health). During the research, mites were found to be present in all fungal isolates. Therefore, a new collection was performed only on M. chrysoleucus, after the use of 1% ivermectin to contain the mites. As a result, there was the presence of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizopus in the samples, and these fungi are not dermatophytes, but were found to be constituents of the microbiota of this primate species. There was a difference between male and female samples, and the male (infant) presented a higher occurrence of fungi, but there was no evidence that this fact impaired the well being of the animals. Thus, this study proved that non-pathogenic fungi live associated with the captive primates, and that mites were also found. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the seasonal differences of the fungal microbiota present in these important species of Amazonian primates under captivity conditions. Key-words: Amazonian primates; Fungal microbiota; Pathogens.