EST - Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso Graduação
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://ri.uea.edu.br/handle/riuea/4795
Navegar
10 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Climatologia do regime de vento em Manaus a partir de dados observados(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2024-01-24) Brito, Lemoel Pimentel de; Oliveira, Maria Betânia Leal de; Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira; Dehaine, JamileDue to its geographical location, Manaus is susceptible to light winds all year round. However, the occurrence of strong winds in a short space of time, known as gusts, which may or may not be associated with extreme precipitation, cause severe damage to the population, making it essential to forecast these events. With this in mind, the aim of this study was to analyze the records of gusts in Manaus, obtained from five automatic weather stations installed at different locations in the city, which make up the REMCLAM network. These data were initially subjected to quality control, developed in this study, and then analyzed in terms of spatial and temporal variability, as well as intensity. In the latter case, the percentile technique was applied to identify the threshold at which extreme gust events occur. Case studies were carried out to verify the behaviour of the variables wind direction, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and air temperature in the moments prior to extreme events in order to identify a pattern and thus be able to help the agencies that act directly to minimize damage to the population due to natural phenomena, such as Civil Defence. With regard to the quality control of each station, a quantity of data was removed due to some kind of error and generated a new availability of data. The wind speed and gust distributions varied symmetrically and asymmetrically, with a difference in intensity between urban and rural areas. The most intense gusts on average occur mainly in the months of transition from dry to rainy season and rainy season. Their predominance varies from northeast to southeast depending on the rainy and dry seasons and transitions. Extreme gust events were identified using thresholds of 12.9 m/s and 8.1 m/s for urban and rural areas, respectively. Extreme gusts were up to 21.0 m/s (urban) and 17.6 m/s (rural), with greater frequency in January and October. These occurred predominantly between 10am and 5pm. Daily precipitation accumulations of up to 124 mm were associated with extreme gust events, which were also identified with the absence of rain at the same measurement location. In cases of very extreme gusts, air temperature and atmospheric pressure dropped up to an hour before the gust occurred. The direction varied abruptly, with no precipitation occurring on some days or even being seen starting up to 3 hours before the gust event with precipitation starting three hours before. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)Item Analise da frequência e intensidade da precipitação nos aeroportos de Ponta Pelada E Eduardo Gomes na cidade de Manaus - AM(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2017-12-01) Rocha, Charlis Barroso da; Souza, Rita Valéria Andreoli de; Souza, Jaidete Monteiro de; Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira deThis study aimed to evaluate the frequency and intensity of precipitation for two regions of the city of Manaus - AM in the period 2009-2016. For this, precipitation data of two stations, the Eduardo Gomes Airport (AEG) and Ponta Pelada Airport (APP) locates in the south and northwest of the city of Manaus were used. The methodology consisted of evaluating seasonal and diurnal variability of rainfall in terms of intensity and frequency. Initially, the monthly rainfall accumulation of the two regions was calculated for each year separately, in order to compare with the climate of Manaus. Then, monthly and daytime frequency of precipitation and the seasonal distribution of the insensitive of the rain events were calculated. In general, the total monthly precipitation for the AEG and APP followed the seasonal precipitation of the city of Manaus. However, in some years, values below or above monthly climatology are observed, possibly associated to interannual variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon. Concerning the classification by rain intensity, in the two regions the highest frequencies occur in the very low precipitation category (0.2 - 1.6 mm) during the January, February and March (JFM) trimester. Events considered extreme (> 18 mm) also occur more frequently in the JFM period, but with smaller numbers of occurrences. The frequency of monthly rainfall showed a higher occurrence of events in the rainy season of the Amazon Region (December to April), with higher values in April, while that in period from June to November (dry season) shows the lowest occurrences, with lower values in September. In relation to the daytime frequency, the highest frequency occurs from 10-15 local time and secondary peaks occur by dawn (00 local time), morning (06 local time) and night (18 local time) on most months.Item Os diferentes tipos de El Niño e seus impactos na precipitação sobre a América do Sul.(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2022-03-28) Macêdo, Tabata Lauhanda Bastos de; Souza, Rita Valéria Andreoli de; Souza, Jaidete Monteiro de; Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira deThe present work seeks to characterize the differences between the patterns of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly patterns associated with the diversity of the positive phase (El Niño - EN) of the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENOS) phenomenon, as well as to assess its impacts on precipitation over South America. For this, the years of El Niño events were selected within the period 1950-2019, and classified according according to their intensity (Strong El Niño), location (El Niño Modoki and Canonical) and duration time (Successive El Niño). Then, the analyses of seasonal compositions and compositional differences for the anomalies of Sea Surface Temperature, precipitation, Potential Velocity and Current Function Current at 200 hPa, Omega at 500 hPa and vertically integrated moisture flux and its divergence. and its divergence. Compositions of Sea Surface Temperature anomalies reproduce the characteristics associated with the event selection method, and show that, relative to the average of all events, strong El Niño events exhibit an intensification of the east-west sea surface temperature gradient over the equatorial Pacific over the equatorial Pacific from its initial phase until its decay, the strong El Niño events show an Modoki El Niño events show a cooling over the eastern Pacific, while canonical El Niño events did not show distinct canonical El Niño events showed no distinct characteristics from the average behavior of the surface temperature anomalies over the tropical Pacific and the successive El Niño events show a cooling over the Successive El Niño events reveal a weakening of the El Niño along its evolution, evolution, except in the austral winter. The differences in the evolution patterns of El Niños influence seasonal precipitation over South America differently. For strong El Niños there is an intensification of positive anomalies in response to the event, while over the affected regions a decrease in rainfall, changes in the intensity or positioning of the anomaly centers are observed. centers of precipitation anomalies are observed. For El Niños Modoki larger variations occur in the tropical region with the weakening of the typical El Niño response, while for successive El Niño events a weakening of the typical negative/positive negative/positive anomalies in response to El Niño is observed. These changes in the patterns of precipitation anomaly patterns are associated with differences in the patterns of Sea surface temperature anomaly patterns related to the different types of El Niño, that affect the intensities of the Walker circulation and Rossby waves, which modulate the regional circulationItem Diferenças entre as evoluções temporais dos ENOS plurianuais e de único ano: Impactos na precipitação da América do Sul tropica(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2022-05-24) Anguelova, Mira Assenova; Souza, Rita Valéria Andreoli de; Souza, Jaidete Monteiro de; Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira deThe present work seeks to characterize and point out the differences in the patterns of evolution el Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENOS) events lasting a single year, defined as annual, and long-term, as multi-annual, through the analysis of the Temperature of Surface of the Sea, as well as verify the influence of such events on precipitation in the Tropical South America. To this, two contrasting events, in terms of the duration of event, both for the positive phase of ENOS (El Niño) and for the negative phase (La Niña), were selected for case studies. Separate analysis of each of the events suggested that ENOS events have different characteristics in relation to intensity and persistence of anomalies when comparatoring the first and second year of Events. In addition, changes in the atmospheric patterns of tropical teleconnections during the the first and second year of the events impact differently on the precipitation of America Tropical South.Item Análise da relação entre as ocorrências de inundações e precipitação na cidade de Manaus para o ano de 2014(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2018-06-15) Miranda, Priscila Pereira de; Dehaini, Jamile; Souza, Rita Valéria Andreoli de; Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira deThis work presents a study on the relationship between rainfall and number of floods in the city of Manaus-AM. In order to explore this relationship, flood records of the Civil Defense of Manaus were used for the period from 2010 to 2014. The rainfall variability over the city was analyzed through rainfall records of rain gauges distributed in five of the six zones that comprise the urban zone of Manaus for the year 2014. Pearson's correlation was used to validate the results. In general, it can be said that the stations SBMN, MAUÁ, BETA and EST followed the seasonal precipitation of the city of Manaus. On the other hand, the ALFA and SBEG stations presented different behavior. ALFA with low rainfall rates from April to October, and also in December. SBEG presented monthly accumulations superior to the climatology from March to December, mainly emphasizing the behavior of the rains during the dry period (jul-ago-set). This distinct behavior among the zones must have been caused by differences in land use, proximity to forested areas and influence of river breeze. With respect to flood cases, when monthly totals are analyzed for each year, greater records are observed during the rainy season and during the months of occurrence of Rio Negro maximum levels. The year of 2014 presented high values in the months of March (associated with accumulated precipitation in all zones), May and June, where the last two coincides with the months of occurrences of Rio Negro maximum levels. In relation to other years, the year 2011 presented the highest number of cases for the rainiest months (February and April) that may be associated with the increase of precipitation over the region due to a strong La Niña event occurring in the years 2010-2011 . The neighborhoods that stood out as the most susceptible to flood events were those of Jorge Teixeira (ZL), Terra Nova (ZN), Educandos (ZS), Tarumã (ZO), Alvorada (ZCO) and Flores (ZCS). The zones where the stations of MAUÁ, BETA and EST are located showed a strong correlation between precipitation and floods, when considering the monthly totals. Nevertheless, through the test of significance, only the BETA (ZN) station showed a correlation with a relatively strong degree. On the other hand, the results related to the daily correlation did not present significant values, presenting great dispersion in all the areas considered.Item Avaliação do conforto térmico para quatro diferentes locais de Manaus AM(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2019-12-06) Capobiango, Katharina De Carvalho; Souza, Jaidete Monteiro de; Oliveira, Maria Betânia Leal de; Dehaini, Jamile; Santos, Rosa Maria Nascimento dos; Oliveira, Maria Betânia Leal deThe continuous growth of Manaus has direct impact on landscape, with the replacement of green areas for materials that have a higher heat capacity, such as concrete, asphalt, roofing, among others. As a result, there are changes in the urban microclimate, and consequently on the thermal comfort of the population, which can still be aggravated during the occurrence of climate systems such as El Niño that reduces precipitation significantly in the region. In this study, we evaluated both the meteorological variables and human comfort index (HCI) obtained in four (4) different locations, three (3) in the urban area of Manaus, and one (1) in the rural area surrounding the city. The seasonality of the HCI was related with the distribution of precipitation throughout the year, with a variation of 4.0, 4.4 and 5.0 °C between October and December, in the stations EST, IFAM and CMM, in that order. HCI differences between sites indicate direct relation with the characteristics of the analyzed surface coverage. Although the relative humidity is larger in rural area, this is more comfortable because of the lower temperatures. For the stations of the urban area, located in the central region of the city, it was the least thermally comfortable, surpassing the air temperature by up to 13.8° C. Despite the similar features in EST and IFAM, higher temperatures in IFAM are found because this stations is installed on top of the roof, resulting in approximately 1.0° C higher HCI. In addition to the influence of surface coverage on ICH between sites, the occurrence of the very strong El Niño 2015/16 has enhanced the thermal discomfort in the South zone of Manaus, with difference compared to 2018 of up to 4.0° C.Item Relação entre o modo meridional de TSM no Pacífico e o ENOS e seus efeitos sobre a precipitação na Amazônia(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2019-12-06) Moraes, Djanir Sales de; Souza, Rita Valéria Andreoli de; Dehaini, Jamile; Oliveira, Maria Betânia Leal deIn this study we aim to caracterize the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and its relationship with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the rainfall in the Amazonic region during 1901 to 2010. The methodology of this study is based on the method of Combined and Extended Empirical Orthogonal Function (CEOF and EEOF respectively) to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of the PMM. Composite analyses and linear correlation tools are used to search for the relations between the PMM, ENSO and precipitation. The results show that the spatial pattern of PMM presents a variability of 8 years and is best defined in the months of June through August (JJA). Correlations between the timeseries associated with PMM and precipitation show a temporal dependency, with a change of pattern after the 1980s. The effects combined of ENSO and PMM on the precipitation over Tropical South America were also investigated. In this case, the results suggest that the ocurrence of positive or negative PMM patterns during the initial phase of ENSO events can act in the sense of configurating the positioning of the maximum anomaly centers associated with ENSO and as as consequence alter the pattern of precipitation over the Amazon. On the other hand, ENSO in its decaying phase doesn’t seem to interfere in the development of PMM and its relation with rainfall.Item Padrões Decenais do Gradiente Inter-Pacífico-Atlântico e a Precipitação da América do Sul(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2018-12-03) Rego, Willy Hagi Teles; Souza, Rita Valéria Andreoli de; capistrano, Vinicius Buscioli; Dehaini, JamileThe Pacific and Atlantic Tropical oceans are responsible for most of the climate variability in the tropical region. Even though independent, they can form together an interannual variabil ity mechanism called the Inter-Pacific-Atlantic gradient, which is also modulated in decadal scales by the positive and negative phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (+AMO and -AMO). The present work investigated the variations in the associated atmospheric and oceanic patterns during austral winter through both AMO phases and its impacts on South America’s (SA) Precipitation anomalies (APRP). Results show that this phenomenon is a dominant vari ability mode during austral winter, characterized by Sea Level Pressure anomalies (SLPA) and Sea Surface Temperature anomalies (ASST) gradient between both tropical oceans. Selection of extreme events shows an equal distribution of positive events (+PC1) for both phases while the negatives (-PC1) are more frequent during -AMO. +PC1 events during +AMO are charac terized by an west-east ASST gradient made by the anomalous cooling (warming) of Tropical Pacific (Atlantic), especially at Central Pacific (Tropical North Atlantic, responsible for posi tive (negative) APRP at SA’s Extreme-North (Central-West and South) region. +PC1 events in -OMA are equatorially confined and show similar impacts in SA’s rainfall. The ATSM gradi ent becomes east-west for -PC1 events due to Tropical Pacific (Atlantic) anomalous warming (cooling), even though they are equatorially confined only during +AMO periods. These events are related to positive (negative) APRP for the Center-West and South-Southeast (North) SA regions during both phases. Results show that different oceanic and atmospheric patterns com pose the Inter-Pacific-Atlantic sector’s variability, which impacts SA’s rainfall significantly and can be felt though the entire continent.Item Estimativa de precipitação por radar meteorológico: caracterização e avaliação de relações Z R(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2019-12-06) Valenti, Wanda Isabella Diógenes; Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de; Souza, Rita Valéria Andreoli; Dehaini, JamileIn the Amazon, precipitation measures are scarce, sometimes due to lack of resources, sometimes due to the extensive area of the Amazon. For this reason, other forms of precipitation registration are of fundamental importance, since its knowledge allows to determine the hydrological cycle of the region, such as the monitoring of floods of rivers and streams. In this sense, the work sought to use the weather radar as a tool to estimate the rain with the objective of proposing a Z R ratio for precipitation estimation for the Manaus weather radar coverage region. Methods were employed to characterize a Z-R relationship with data from EMS and analyzes from Z-R relations proposed by other authors in an attempt to propose an appropriate Z-R relationship for the Manaus region. In the first stage the relationship characterized the ratio Z = 579R ^ 1,22 which within the limitations found in the present work obtained the best representation for the Manaus MR region. In the evaluation with the relationships already existing in the literature and the characterized, for four events in the city of Manaus it was observed that the characterized relationship obtained good performance in relation to the others analyzed, suggesting that more studies are done to evaluate the performance of this relationship. so that it can be implemented in the Amazon RMs in the future.Item Relação entre o modo meridional de TSM no Pacífico e o ENOS e seus efeitos sobre a precipitação na Amazônia(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2019-12-06) Moraes, Djanir Sales de; Souza, Rita Valéria Andreoli de; Dehaini, Jamile; Oliveira, Maria Bethania Leal deIn this study we aim to caracterize the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and its relationship with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the rainfall in the Amazonic region during 1901 to 2010. The methodology of this study is based on the method of Combined and Extended Empirical Orthogonal Function (CEOF and EEOF respectively) to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of the PMM. Composite analyses and linear correlation tools are used to search for the relations between the PMM, ENSO and precipitation. The results show that the spatial pattern of PMM presents a variability of 8 years and is best defined in the months of June through August (JJA). Correlations between the timeseries associated with PMM and precipitation show a temporal dependency, with a change of pattern after the 1980s. The effects combined of ENSO and PMM on the precipitation over Tropical South America were also investigated. In this case, the results suggest that the ocurrence of positive or negative PMM patterns during the initial phase of ENSO events can act in the sense of configurating the positioning of the maximum anomaly centers associated with ENSO and as as consequence alter the pattern of precipitation over the Amazon. On the other hand, ENSO in its decaying phase doesn’t seem to interfere in the development of PMM and its relation with rainfall.