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Item O direito à sadia qualidade de vida e a síndrome de burnout enquadrada como doença ocupacional no Brasil(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 24-02-22) Guimarães, Abraão Lucas Ferreira; Melo, Sandro Nahmias; Silva, Tulio Macedo Rosa e; Faria, Carolina TupinambáThis study investigates burnout syndrome in Brazil and its classification as an occupational disease, exploring its causes, symptoms and consequences. Using a qualitative approach based on semi-structured analyses, organizational factors were identified, such as excessive workload and lack of institutional support, as well as individual factors, such as lack of skills to deal with stress, as the main triggers of burnout. The results revealed a significant prevalence of the syndrome among participants, with symptoms ranging from emotional exhaustion to depersonalization and low personal fulfillment. Furthermore, negative consequences were identified for the quality of patient care and the well-being of professionals. This study highlights the importance of multifaceted interventions, including organizational support, self-care programs and development of stress management skills, to mitigate the impact of burnout and promote mental health and quality of care, in which Brazilian legislation plays a crucial role. in preventing and caring for burnout, establishing limits on working hours and working hours, providing occupational health programs and promoting awareness on the topic.Item Propagação vegetativa de crateva benthamii com diferentes concentrações de ana(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2004-11-24) Silva , Ângela Alves da; Maia , Lúcia Alencar; Yuyama , Kaoru; Maia , Lúcia Alencar; Canto , Acilino do Carmo; Silva, Ademir Castro eCrateva benthamii Eichler (Capparaceae) is a typical floodplain forest species with high economic potential on pisciculture, pharmacological industry and environment recuperation in degraded areas. This work assessed the C. benthamii propagation in different ANA concentration and the kind of stake. The experiment was installed in the INPA warren V8 (Manaus-AM, Brazil). It was utilized delineation of casual blocks with five repetitions, with 3 x 4 factorial scheme, in which the factors comprehended the kinds of stake (apex, middle and base) and ANA concentration (0, 100, 1.000 and 10.000ppm). The bases of the stakes were plunged into ANA aqueous solutions during 24 hours. The evaluated parameters were: percentage of survival, percentage on rooting and cuttings having shoots and roots. After 90 days of planting, the apex cuttings showed lesser percentage on survival with 100% of mortality in 10.000ppm treatment. Between middle stakes and base stakes there was no statistical difference, showing higher indices on survival (70% and 80%, respectively). The higher percentage of rooting was in 1.000ppm concentration (70%), there was no statistical difference when compared with stakes any hormone treatment and stakes with 100ppm. The middle stakes and base stakes showed the highest percentages of shoot protrusion at 90 days (38,75% and 36,25%). There was statistical difference when compared with apex stakes (17,50%). The middle stakes and the base stakes of C. benthamii showed the highest percentage of survival. The variation concentration about ANA tested did not favor the rooting. C. benthamii shows higher potential for propagation per cutting and can be an option to recuperate degraded areas in floodplain forest.Item Óleo volátil e antioxidantes de folhas de virola michelii heckel (myristicaceae)(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2004-12-15) Torres, Zelina Estevam dos Santos; Yoshida, Massayoshi; Yoshida , Massayoshi; Pinheiro , Maria Lúcia Belém; Nunez , Cecilia VeronicaThis work describes the phytochemical study of Virola michelii Heckel that occur in the Amazon Region popularly known as ucuúba-preta and its leaves are used in the popular medicine as hot poultice on the skin, to treat infections caused by fungus. The fresh smashed leaves of Virola michelii submitted to the hydrodistilation afforded a volatile oil, which analyzed through coupled system gas chromatograph to mass spectrometer evidenced the occurrence of one monoterpene and of seventeen sesquiterpenes. The ethyl alcohol extract of V. michelii leaves was fractionated by ethyl acetate and aqueous methanol partition, followed by solvent evaporation of the fractions, yielded the respective residues. The ethyl acetate residue submitted to chromatographic techniques, allowed the isolation of three compounds, two furofuran lignan, “eudesmin” (rel- (1S,2R,5R,6S)-2,6-di-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl]-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane) and “phillygenol” rel-(1S,2S,5R,6R)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,7- dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane and one phytosterol, the β-sitosterol. The structural determination was based on the interpretation of the 1 H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and mass spectra. The isolated furofuran lignans were submitted to test for antioxidant activity with DPPH radical followed by photometric detection. It was observed that the phillygenol was more active than eudesmin, in the assay which quercetin was used as standard.Item Desenvolvimento de estacas de crajiru (Arrabidaea chica Verlot.) em função do diâmetro da estaca e do ambiente de cultivo.(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2005-03-31) Felix , Francisco Cleber; Sampaio, Paulo de Tarso Barbosa; Pohlit, Adrian Martin; Sampaio , Paulo de Tarso Barbosa; Costa, Suely de Souza; Chaves, Francisco Celio MaiaThe goal of this work was to observe the effects of two growth environments on two types of crajiru (Arrabidaea chica Verlot., family Bignoniaceae) as a function of cutting diameter ultimately to establish the better type of crajiru (type 1 or 2) for propagation from cuttings. The experiment was conducted using an entirely randomized method with a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with 6 repetitions, 2 root development environments (1 – substrate and 2 – water) and 4 average basal cutting diameters: 1.1, 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 cm, designated woody, semi-woody, herbaceous and apical stems, respectively. The cuttings were approximately 15 cm in length having leaves only on apical cuttings and 5 cuttings per repetition. The substrate was prepared from area : argila : humus (3 : 1 : 1). Each cutting was placed in an individual poliethylene bag of 1 kg capacity. For cuttings in liquid environment, 2 L polyethylene terephthalate bottles (PET) containing approximately 500 mL of water were used. From the start of the experiment, the cuttings were maintained in an environment covered with transparent plastic roofing and received daily irrigation. After 90 days, the following variables were evaluated: % established cuttings, average length of new growth (cm), average length of roots (cm) dry mass of leaves and roots (g / plant). After variance analysis, the averages were compared using the Tukey test and a 1 % probability. Crajirú responded well to vegetative regeneration from cuttings and the type 2 variety developed better in general than type 1. The percentage of established plants was greater in the substrate 1 (soil) for cuttings of average diameter 1.1 cm. Other variables were also superior for this diameter cutting, and the substrate was responsible for the nutirition of these cuttings, which presented better development in those of 1.1 cm diameter. Since the difference between the development in both environments (substrate vc. Water) was small, and the interaction treatment x environment x diameter was not significant, one can site an economical advantage using water for the preparation of crajirú plants from cuttings.Item Propagação in vitro de Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet)(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2005-04-28) Brandao, Helio Leonardo Moura; Sampaio, Paulo de Tarso Barbosa; Sampaio, Paulo de Tarso BarbosaThe goal of this work was to develop a protocol for cloning through somatic embryogenesis of Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet). A species abundantly found in north Brazil utilized for medicinal and cosmethic purposes and as a source of compounds that may be used to develop new synthetic drugs. To promote somatic embryogenesis were tested NAA, BAP, 2.4-D, TDZ and IBA, in different concentrations and different combinations in explants obteined of young plants trated with Benolmyl. The explants were cultivated in a medium containing MS salt and vitamins (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) being the mineral salts reduced to half strength and added with myo-inositol (100 mg.L-1), sucrose (30 g.L-1) and agar (8.0 g.L-1), and the pH was adjusted to 5.8. The cultures were inoculated and then kept at a 16 hour-photoperiod, temperature of 25 ± 2ºC and 25µmoles.m-2.s-1 radiation for 30 days. Three different sources of explant were tested: apical, leaf buds and leaves. The source that showed best resoults of rooting was the leaf buds trested with NAA 10,0 mg\l. As well, leaves rooting showed best resoults treted with NAA. However apical source showed high level contamination, fact that took the increasing of a new protocol of assepsy. The results showed that it is possible to obtain high quantities of shoots and then plantlets which could be cultivated in vitro through the methods tested in this experiment. Apical source appear as the best way to obtain a plant of Andiroba by somathic embriogenesis, NAA promotes the rooting in leaf buds a leaves and BAP promotes shoots in apical explants. Key words: 1.Micropropagation, 2.Andiroba, 3.Hormonal combination and 4. growth regulatorsItem Análise de marcadores químicos do produto fitoterápico Dermodilapiol (Piper aduncum)(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2005-05-19) Oliveira, Laura Cristina Pereira de; Nunomura , Sergio Massayoshi; Nunomura , Sergio Massayoshi; Pinheiro, Maria Lúcia Belém; Lima , Maria da PazThis work describes the isolation and structure elucidation of two phenylpropanoids (dillapiol and myristicin), one prenylated benzoic acid derivative (methyl 4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-benzoate), one chalcone (dihydroflavokawin B) and one flavanone (sakuranetin) from the phytoterapeutical product Dermodilapiol, produced from the aerial parts of Piper aduncum. The isolation of the chemical markers has been done from its active fraction, obtained from a liquid-liquid partition and further chromatographic steps. Four different lots of the product have been analysed by high performance liquid chromatography using two different methods. A longer method was used to describe the chromatographic profiles of each lot and a shorter method was used to quantify two of the chemical markers in the product. In both cases, it could be observed a correlation between the chemical composition and biological activity. It has also been studied the essential oil production of leaves of P. aduncum collected in three different places in Manaus for a period of one year. During this period, dillapiol has always been the major component. A small chemical variability was observed to all specimens studied and apparently was correlated to the rainy season of the city.Item Atividade inseticida de palicourea marcgravii st. Hil. (rubiaceae) e piper aduncum l. (piperaceae) sobre cigarrinha (aetalion sp.), praga de importância econômica no Amazonas(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2005-09-26) Silva, Wilson Castro; Ribeiro , Joana D’Arc; Ribeiro, Joana D’ArcThe use of extracts of toxic and medicinal plants, usually under exploited in Amazonia, is an alternative to control phytophagous insects due to their low costs, easy preparation, use and environmental safety. The lack of papers about the insecticidal activity of Palicourea marcgravii and Piper aduncum on treehopper (Aetalion sp.) was the reason to carry out this research. The aim of this work was to evaluate the insecticidal action of P. marcgravii and P. aduncum on Aetalion sp. Adult insects were collected on the tree Clitoria fairchildiana, separated in groups of ten individuals into plastic vessels and exposed to topic application of aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of both plant species. The extracts of leaves and roots of P. marcgravii were applied at the concentrations of 30, 40 and 50 mg/mL and 10, 20 and 30 mg/mL, respectively, whereas for P. aduncum the extracts were applied at the concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/mL, for both extracts of leaves and roots. The control groups were treated with distilled water. After the treatments, the vessels were transferred to a greenhouse and maintained under natural conditions of temperature, light and humidity. The tests lasted 48 h and every 12 h the mortality rate was evaluated. The experiments were performed in a complete randomized design with three treatments in five replicates more a attest group. The data were evaluated using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by a multiple comparison method (Dunnett’s test). The Probit method was used for calculation of the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the median lethal time (LT50) values, and their 95% confidence limits. The computer program TOXRAT® was used for the Probit analysis and to fit the dose-response curves. The extract of roots of P. marcgravii was the most toxic (LC50 = 12,4 mg/mL), but not statistically different from the P. aduncum extracts (leaves and roots, LC50 = 20,9 and 20,9 mg/mL, respectively). The extracts of P. aduncum were toxic in shorter exposure time (leaves and roots, LT50 = 30,2 and 22,3 h, respectively) than the P. marcgravii extracts (leaves and roots, LT50 = 41,2 and 34,9 h, respectively), but not statistically different. The extracts of both species showed insecticidal action on Aetalion sp., however, more detailed studies about the chemical composition of the extracts and their toxicity for non-target (beneficial) organisms should be done before to recommend them as insecticides.Item Estudo de Marcadores Químicos de Ambrosia artemisiifolia L (Asteraceae)(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2005-10-24) Valdivino , Hyelen Bezerra Gouvea; Nunomura , Sergio Massayoshi; Nunomura , Sergio Massayoshi; Borras , Maria Rosa Lozano; Yoshida, MassayoshiAmbrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae) is a annual specie, normally considered a weed, that grows well in tropical areas, including the Amazon region. It is popularly known in Brazil as “catinga-de-bode”, “artemisia”, “arquemijo” and “artemija”. Traditionally, the tea of A. artemisiifolia. leaves is used for the treatment of stomach illness. This work describes the isolation of the sesquiterpene lactones, ambrosin and damsin, for the first time in this specie. Aqueous and chloroform extracts were evaluated in three different models of gastric lesions (ethanol, stress and indomethacin) induced acutely and showed significant protective activity. Chromatographic fingerprints of aqueous and chloroform extracts by high performance liquid chromatography and also essential oil analysis by high resolution gas chromatography were obtained from four different individuals collected in different locations in the Amazon region, Iranduba (AM), Juruti (PA), Manaus (AM) and Itacoatiara (AM), in order to develop chromatographic methods to be used in the quality control of the isolated chemical markers, accordingly to the resolution RDC N. 48.Item Estudo fitoquímico e avaliação da potencialidade farmacológica de extratos de crateva benthamii (capparaceae)(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2005-10-25) Pereira Junior , Raimundo Carlos; Maia , Lucia Maria de Alencar; Nunez , Cecilia Veronica; Maia , Lucia Maria de AlencarCrateva benthamii (Capparaceae), a common tree species in the Amazonian floodplain areas, may reach from 6 to 12 m in height. There are reports on it being used by the people inhabiting the riverside, on account of its bark being used as antiseptic and against snake poison, its roots and leaves being used as tonics for stomachic problems and its topical use as auxiliaries in the recovery of the rheumatism. Aiming to evaluate the pharmacological and biotechnological potentialities of the C. benthamii extracts, the present study reports on the findings obtained on the evaluation of the methanol/water extract (80:20) of the C. benthamii bark, on the antifungal tests against the xylophagous fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus and on the methanol/water (80:20) and dichloromethane extracts of the bark on the antibacterial tests against species Staphylococus aureus, Escherichia coli , Salmonella london ,Shigella sonni, Shigella paratyphi , Shigella tryphimurium, as well as the characterization of the substances that compose the essential oil extracted of its leaves. The methanol/water extract (80:20) on the antibacterial assays showed to be active to Staphylococus aureus bacterium species on 1.20 mg/mL concentration both by plate cavity diffusion (CP) as plate discus (DP) method, while the dichloromethane extract did not show activity for others bacteria studied. On the assay to evaluate the antifungal extract activity against P. sanguineus the methanol/water extract on the concentration of 0,1 g/mL showed moderate inhibitor activity on micelial growth. Statistical data showed that the concentration increase may inhibit micelial growth. The 13C NMR spectrum analyses of the dichloromethane extract showed Lupeol and Germanicol as majority triterpenes. Chromatographic fraction resulted on the Lupeol isolation and identification in addition to another not identified substance similar to yellowish-coloured oil, with a pleasant odour, whose 13C NMR spectrum suggests being a -amirin ester. In the essential oil CG/EM analysis eight substances were identified, with the trans-caryophyllene being one of the major compounds.Item Atividade enzimatica hidrolítica dos fungos amazônicos pycnoporus sanguineus (l.f.) Murr e panus crinitus (l.ex. Fr.) Singer(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2005-11-24) Carmo , Cynara da Cruz; Silva , Ademir de Castro e; Roland, Ivete de Araújo; Carmo, Cynara da Cruz; Cordeiro , Milade Carneiro; Lúcia Alencar, MaiaEnzymes of hydrolytic nature such as cellulase, xylanase and glicosidase and/or others agents non-enzymatic produced by wood decay fungi, show a huge biotechnological potential. I order to investigate hydrolytic potential of two amazonian wood decay fungi, Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.:F.) Murr and Panus crinitus (L. Ex. Fr.) Singer, studies on influence of pH, temperature and medium at growth of fungi as well as determination of enzymatic activity of FPA, -glucanase and -xylosidase on stationary and agitation conditions at 180 rpm were done. Fungi studied shown preference by acid conditions (pH optimum 5,0) and temperature optimum between 30- 35° C. P. sanguineus had these optimum conditions at sabouraud medium supplemented with peptone while P. crinitus at malt extract medium. Temperature had more influence on fungal growth. Enzymatic activity were better at agitation conditions. At stationary condition with no glucose in the medium it wasn't detected FPA activity in both fungi and only to P. sanguinues the endo--glucanse activity was detected. At stationary growth the addition of glucose increase about 38% endo--glucanase activity for P. sanguineus but it not contributed to increase this activity for P. crinitus. For both fungi the -xylosidase activity at stationary conditions and presence of glucose it wasn't followed by endo-glucanase activity. P. crinitus presents a greater hemicelulolytic activity become evident by greater -xylosidase activity while P. sanguineus showed great celulolitic activity. There is need studies to find new medium to maximize hydrolytic enzyme activity to get viable purification to possible biotechnological uses.Item Propagação Vegetativa da Preciosa (Aniba canelilla (H. B.K) Mez) pelo Método da Estaquia(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2005-12-01) Siqueira , Jhassem Antônio Silva de; Sampaio , Paulo de Tarso Barbosa; Costa, Suely de Souza; Sampaio http://lattes.cnpq.br/0517307169401972, Paulo de Tarso BarbosaThe precious wood (Aniba canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez) is a native species from Amazon Region. It is a popular species well know in the region for its aromatic tea that can be obtained from their leaves, bark and trunk. It is a species with a great economical potential, because it can give a wood of high quality, it has also medicinal purpose, and nowadays it is being used by the cosmetic industry. The essential oil has a high concentration of nitrofeniletano (a natural odour). This work had the aim to establish a methodology for the propagation by rooting of precious wood species cuttings. Furthermore it aims to evaluate the action of different concentrations of indolbutyric acid (IBA), at 0; 300; 600; 1200; 2000, on t he development of the cutting that were obtained from juvenile and adult material. The experiment was developed in greenhouse with an intermittent mist system during a period of 180 days (around six months). The experiment was statically analysed by completely randomized method, the data were also submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test analysis at 5% probability. The results indicated that it is possible to promote the vegetative propagation of precious wood by the cutting method, independent of the hormones concentration used at the experiment. The AIB use on the concentration of 2000 ppm favored the rooting (79,04%), the survival (89,43%) and sprouted (64%) of the cuttings coming from juvenile material after 180 days of the implementation of the experiment. The comparison of the means of fresh material weights of aerial part and root, and the weight of the dry material of the aerial part of the plant and also of the cuttings. They did not showed a significative difference among them. . Cuttings from adult material in the treatments here evaluated showed rooting below 1%, and a final survival means of 0,76.Item Propagação vegetativa in vitro de Aniba rosaeodora Ducke (Lauraceae)(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2006-02-28) Jardim, Lyana Silva; Sampaio, Paulo de Tarso Barbosa; Sampaio, Paulo de Tarso BarbosaRosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke), is a specie of great economic value for producing the essential oil linalol, used for perfume industry, causing intense exploration of the natural populations, and its disappearance in the areas of easy access. Like this, the purpose of this study was to establish a protocol for rosewood in vitro propagation, using apical and nodal segments and leaves, aiming at new techniques for specie’s reproduction. Firstly, the explants were submitted to differents process of disinfection, using solution of benomyl (4g.L-1), solution of sodium hipoclorite in 15% and 20%, with tween 20, in differents time exposure. After the explants were inoculated in MS medium, with 30g.L-1 of sucrose and 8g.L-1 of agar added to it , and they were left in dark conditions for 48 hours in B.O.D under 26ºC, and led to culture room. After, the apical and nodal segments, apparent healthy, were submitted to buds, roots and callus induction. They were transferred to culture medium containing growth regulators: BAP (0,0 e 4,0 mg.L -1), AIA, ANA and 2,4-D (0,0; 3,0 e 6,0 mg.L-1), and their respective combinations. The design was complete randomized in arranged factorial 9 X 2, with 18 treatments, each one with 15 replications. For the folial segments, were used: BAP, TDZ, ANA, AIA and 2,4-D (5,0 mg.L-1) to induction of foliar organogenesis. The design was randomized blocks consisted of 6 treatments, each one with 8 blocks e 2 replications. After 90 days, the plantlets took root in vitro were transplanted in plastic glass covered for transparent plastic sack, and evaluated in three kids of substratum for the acclimatization process. The first and the second substratum contained dark soil, clay and sand in proportions 2:1:1 and 1:2:1 (v/v) covered for vermiculite respectively; and the third substratum contained for vermiculite just. At the end of the study, the results indicated that the best process of disinfection for the apical and nodal segments was the use of benomyl solution (4g.L-1) during 24 hours, following the solution of sodium hipoclorite in 20% with tween 20, during 20 minutes, with 81,7% of survival of the explants. For the buds induction, the treatment containing 4,0 mg.L-1 of BAP + 6,0 mg.L-1 of AIA, showed the best, with the average of 1,50 buds/explant, followed by the treatment with 4,0 mg.L-1 of BAP + 6,0 mg.L-1 of ANA, which the average was 1,45 buds/explant. For the rooting induction, the best medium was containing 3,0 mg.L-1 of ANA, showing 1,68 roots/explant, followed by the treatment with 6,0 mg.L-1 of ANA, showing an 17 average of 1,39. For the callus induction, all the treatments formed callus, therefore, the medium containing 4,0 mg.L-1 of BAP + 6,0 mg.L-1 of 2,4-D, showed the best result, with 1,45 callus/explant, followed by the treatment with 4,0 mg.L-1 of BAP + 3,0 mg.L-1 of 2,4-D, of which an average was,1,40 callus/explant. For the folial segments, the best disinfection was the use of benomyl solution (4g.L-1) during 20 hours, followed by the solution of sodium hipoclorite in 20% with three drops of tween 20, during 15 minutes of exposure, showing 80% of survival of the explants. For the folial organogenesis, both treatments, F3 containg 5,0 mg.L-1 of ANA and F5 containg 5,0 mg.L-1 of 2,4-D, presented the best results for the callus induction, with an average of 1,4 callus/explant (both treatments). For the acclimatization process, none of the substratum presented efficiency for the plantlets adaptation in the new environmemtal conditions. The survival percentage of the explants for all the treatements was zero. In less of 30 days after the transplant, the plantlets presented complete necrose with partial lost of the leaves, and appearance of fungi in some replications. Key words: 1. Aniba rosaeodora Ducke; 2. In vitro propagation; 3. Growth regulators.Item Atividade Enzimática da Lacase em Três Fungos Amazônicos Degradadores de Madeira(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2006-03-12) Silva, Ezequias Andrade da; Silva, Ademir Castro e; Silva, Ademir Castro eFungi belong to basidiomycete class have been confered efficiency in the biodegradation process of ligninocelullosic materials due to their enzymes. These enzymes have commercial potential that could be utilized to many industrial applications. This paper evaluate the micelial growth and enzymatic activity of laccase of three amazonic white-rot fungi (Pycnoporus sanguineus, FSF7 (Trametes sp) e FSF11 (Trametes sp). Micelial growth was evaluated through the micelial progress in solid media BDA with different concentrations (30, 90, 120 and 300 mcg) of biotin. To enzymatic activity of laccase was used liquid medium (agar-malt) with different concentrations of glucose/ yeast extract, previously autoclaved at 120 C during 15 minutes and pH 6. 5mm of fungi removed from colony edge was used to inoculate in submerged culture under agitation in Sheaker at 180 rpm and 28 C. High (2.5g) and low (25mg) dosage of seryngaldazine was used. After three days of cultivation, the media was filtrated and enzymatic activity determined by XVII spectrophotometer. P. sanguineus had higher micelial growth and FSF11lower at concentration of 120 mcg of biotin. On the whole, biotin in the medium contribute to add micelial growth. Laccase increase when use higt concentration of inductor seryngaldazine. Laccase activity to P. sanguineus increase significantly when higher dosage of seryngaldazine at 3:5 glucose/ yeast extract was used. Hence it follows that vitamin, as for example biotin, contribute to micelial growth more rapid and higher as well as a major concentration of inductor (seryngaldazine) contribute to increase laccase activity.Item O direito ao desenvolvimento sustentável: os royalties de petróleo de Coari-Amazonas(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2006-07-28) Viana , Rejane da Silva; Melo, Sandro Nahmias; Sánchez Bravo, Álvaro A.; Melo, Sandro Nahmias; Sánchez Bravo, Álvaro A.; Camargo, Serguei Aily Franco deThe present work intended to demonstrate, that ahead of the extraordinary growth in prescriptions of royalties or financial compensations as a result of the exploration and production of oil and natural gas, a new scene begins to appear in the city of Coari in the State of Amazonas supporting the importance of these resources in its prescription confides. The work left of the Constitucional Law to the development and the perspectives for the Amazônia with the prospection of oil in the Basin of the Solimões. The main point of analysis will be to verify how these benefits are being used by the municipal administrations, the results of the investments, that already can be perceived. The adopted methodology was bibliographical consultation with survey and the analysis of social and financial facts of the city of Coari, adding information of the cities near by and using the pointers of human development and quality of life. Between the main results, it was gotten confirmation that royalties and special participations are important in the composition to the local governments offering the necessary resource for many investments, not being possible to determine its accurate use, or if verifying concrete actions for the promotion of a project of sustentabilidade and diversification of the local productive base. The use of royalties of form directed for the improvement in the quality of life of its habitants, justifies for the potential risk of ambient damages inherent to the activity of oil production and as form of indemnity for the exploration of resources you did not renew in order to prevent the economic decline being legitimate that such resources are used to make possible the potentialities of the region Words key: Amazônia; Sustainable development; Enviromental law; Royalties; Petrobras.Item Exigibilidade e políticas públicas na área ambiental no estado do Amazonas(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2006-08-06) Braz, Sebastião Ricardo Braga; Duarte, Clarice Seixas; Duarte, Clarice Seixas; Aith, Fernando Mussa Abujamra; Dantas, Fernando Antonio de CarvalhoThe present dissertation has as its subject matter the demand for public politics in the state of Amazonas, aiming to congregate, analyse and systematise the existing knowledge about the judicialization of environmental public politics, presenting examples, especially within the scope of the state of Amazonas. As a methodological procedure, the task was divided into four chapters. In the first one, the reflection of the environment appears as, at the same time, a right and a fundamental duty, in the context of a Social State, whose main goal is to implement public politics with interest in the concretion of the environment ecologically balanced, essencial for the healthy quality of life. These protective public politics of the environment must be made possible through the construction of a space of participation of all the social actors public power and society in general - , which are entailed in the duty of preserving the environment for present and future generations, involved with the environmental thematic, under the form of the caput art. 225 of the Federal Constitution of 1988. The next chapter analyses the concept of public politics, as well as its procedure of creation, since its formulation, going through the implementation and execution, ending with the evaluation and invigilation, as well as the possibility of, along the mentioned phases, invoking the judiciary if any eventual correction of the public politic is needed, in case of any embezzlement or omissions. The third chapter, core of this dissertation, talks about the demand of public politics aimed at the environment and its control of jurisdiction, starting off with the analysis of the arguments contrary to the intervention of the judiciary in the public politics area. The invoked arguments were the offence against the principle of the separation of branches, the illegitimacy of the judiciary to exert such control, the discretionary administration on the implementation of public politics, the limit related to facts and human relations of the reserve of the possible, the apparent normative defects in the disposals that devote the fundamental right to the environment and, lastly, the alleged non-existence of a public right subjective to environmental politics. Such obstacles were, one by one, opposed by arguments of a constitutional nature and based on the international instruments related to the matter, searching for the maximum effectiveness of the right to the ecollogically balanced environment, in the context of a Social State. The chapter is ended with the analysis of the Public Ministry s performance at the increase of public politics, using as instruments the public civil action to question the absence and/or insufficiency of environmental public politics, as well as its correction, presenting examples, especially within the scope of the state of Amazonas. The final chapter presents the public administrator s responsibility in the adoption of environmental public politics, on account of its omission or its eventual change of conduct in the achievement of environmental public politics, taking into consideration that the administrative acting, in this present case, is orientated by the general and environmental constitutional politics. Once there is a distance or change of conduct, the judgment of environmental administrative lack of probity action is suitable to the responsibility of the public agent that caused the omission and/or change of purpose related to environmental public politics. Words-key: Public Politics. Enviromental Law. Exigibility. Judicialization.Item Áreas verdes urbanas como elemento da cidade sustentável(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2006-10-06) Matias, Jefferson Ortiz; Saleme, Edson RicardoThe present work had the purpose to analyze the urban green areas, as indispensable element to reach the concept of sustainable city, subscribed in the Statute of the City, Law 10,257/2001, in its article 2o., II, where it is described as a city where its inhabitant has guarantee of the right to the urban land, the housing, the ambient sanitation, the urban infrastructure, the public transport and services, the work and the leisure, for the present and future generations. The green areas, even so it is not mentioned as specifically integrant of the formatting elements of the sustainable city, are indispensable for its formation, since it exerts vital functions in the urban ecosystem, such as the social, ecological, educational and aesthetic function, providing reduction in the urban pollution rates, creating shadows for the passer-bys, best acclimatization and protection for intensive winds, also working as space for diversion and leisure, being able to serve in such as local of primary studies directed toward the infantile public and for academic researches as well, and propitiating the aesthetic increasing, promoting the hygienic improvement and the consequence valuation of the urban area where it stands. All these elements lead to increase the population s quality of life, accurately the main point in the sustainable city s persecution, which is a citizen s right.Item A inconstitucionalidade da redução de terras indígenas no processo demarcatório por caracterizar remoção(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2006-10-06) Carneiro, Edilton Borges; Dantas, Fernando Antonio de Carvalho; Dantas , Fernando Antonio de Carvalho; Shiraishi Neto, Joaquim; Wagner, AlfredoThis master dissertation of is centered in the analysis of the subject aboriginal lands, searching to understand the paper of the property of the aboriginal land in the civil law and constitutional Brazilian from the promulgation and entrance in vigor of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988. The work, leaving of a historical briefing, looks for to understand the treatment given for the legislators Portuguese and Brazilian to aboriginal lands, arguing the concept of property in the culture colonizer occidental person and the aboriginal culture to show the deep difference of as these concepts are worked by these distinct cultures. It still argues the constitutional recognition of the originary right of the aboriginal peoples to the lands that traditionally occupy, and the interpretation given for the legal hermeneutics to the constant constitutional device of article 231, § 1º, of as if it characterizes the tradicionalidade of the occupation, stops from this however, together with the analysis and interpretation of the contained one in article 231, § 5º of the Brazilian Great Letter, to demonstrate to the unconstitutionality of the land reduction aboriginals in the administrative proceeding of landmark, therefore this reduction characterizes removal of the peoples aboriginals of its lands, and not if it inside finds of the definitive situations in numerus clausus, specifically permissive of the removal act. Key Words: aboriginal lands, unconstitutionality, reduction, landmark, removal.Item Cidades sustentáveis e o princípio da função ambiental da cidade(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2006-11-16) Maquiné, Dillings Barbosa; Saleme, Edson Ricardo; Saleme, Edson Ricardo; Camargo, Serguei Aily Franco de; Beçak, RubensWe attended in the last century the phenomenon of urbanization. It has reached most of the countries of the world, specially the known first world as well as that ones in development, as consequence of the industrialization process. This new social and economic growth has provided relevant social and places changes in Brazil. This new model of dealing with environment has brought serious consequences. Their results can be compared with the world natural disasters. The situation of the brazilian cities were lead the great urban centers into a chaos. Our cities are still suffering problems from extreme gravity and difficult solution. In this context, the edition of the Law n° 10.257/2001 known as Estatuto da Cidade , come to adjust the urban politics of the Federal Constitution establishing general lines of direction how to adapt the new cities to a certain models more adjusted with the community needs, mostly with the model of sustainable cities. It is an undeniable advance in the fight against invasions and chaotic ways of living. The juridical institutions created by the mentioned Law. Based in the social function of the property and the principle of sustainable city, the Law provide the cities authorities, by domestic laws, to adopt the legal instruments that guarantee all the sectors of the society for a more fair social and territorial distribution of the responsibilities and benefits result of the urbanization process, as well as the accomplishment of the social functions of the city for the implementation of the Director Plan, also allowing the regularization of the irregular urban proprieties. This paper point out how to get an effective implementation of the legal principles established in the above referred law and Brazilian Constitution. By means of the sustainable purpose included in this study and for the real accomplishment of the purpose of Statute of City, it would be necessary a real reconstruction of plans and new policies in order to get what is expected from all Brazilian society. Keywords: Urban Law; town-planning; urban policy; urban sustainable development; Statute of the City; Director Plan.Item Seleção de fungos isolados de plantas da Região Amazônica como fornecedores de lipases para biotransformações(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2006-12-15) Lisbôa, Líliam Ururahy de Souza; Zanotto, Sandra Patricia; Zanotto, Sandra Patricia; Pereira , José Odair; Marques, Alberto dos SantosIn this work 95 fungi of the Amazon region have been studied: endophytic and phytopathogenic isolated from plants, and wood degrading. When submitted to the assay with tributyrin, 79 isolates presented indicative hydrolytic activity. Of the 79 isolates, 26 that showed better performances of growth in liquid cultures have been submitted to the biocatalytic evaluation. Among the 26 mycelium-bound lipases that were evaluated as catalysts of esterification of oleic acid with n-pentanol in hexane, isolated UEA_027 presented conversions of 72% in 72 hours of reaction. The lipase enantioselective capacity of the isolated UEA_027 was verified through the resolution of (R,S)-2-hexanol and of (R,S)2-octanol by transesterification with vinyl acetate and hexane as solvent. The selected fungus resolved the alcohol (R,S)-2-octanol with enantiomeric excess of product above 88% and enantiomeric ratio above 20. Key words: Fungi, lipase, biotransformation, enantioselectivity, amazon region.Item O direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado como um direito fundamental de natureza social e seus exercicio harmônico com os direitos culturais(Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 2007-01-13) Martinho, Luciana Toledo; Duarte, Clarice Seixas; Duarte, Clarice Seixas; Aith, Fernando; Jacinto, Andréa Borghi MoreiraThe right to a balanced environment, as foreseen in the Constitution’s 225 article, is considered to be a fundamental right, due to it’s relations with human dignity and healthy life quality, to which is taken for essential. This right is owed to both: individuals and collectivities, which influences the way it can be pursued in law courts. Likewise, the Brazilian Constitution also contemplates the cultural rights, also considered to be fundamental rights due to their relations with human dignity. Conflicts can arise from the exercise of those categories of rights, and the conflicts solution must be solved regarding their normative structures. Understood as principles, not rules, the cultural rights and the right to a balanced environment must be exercised in the maximum possible extent, which demands, to the concrete cases conflict solving, a solution based in balancing the principles so that in the process the very core of those rights remains unwounded. One must think in ways in which the colliding Rights’ boundaries can be bended, and mainly think about ways to assure the harmonic exercise of those Rights. Keywords: Rights. Balanced Environment. Cultural Rights. Collision. Balance.